System for measuring ribbon tension

ABSTRACT

A ribbon includes a substrate film, wherein the film comprises a tensionable material; and an ink disposed on the ribbon. A length of the ribbon includes portions that have been tensioned to provide a code readable from the ribbon by measuring the tension over the length of the ribbon.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a method of reading a code from aribbon for a printer. In particular, the disclosure relates to a methodof identifying the properties of a ribbon for a printer by measuring thetension of the ribbon.

There are many types of devices that use ribbon, including various typesof printers such as thermal transfer printers. The ribbons may be ofvarious types, including different widths, lengths, thicknesses, inkcolors, ribbon materials, and so forth. Typically, the ribbons aresupplied on simple spools (which may be, for example, a cardboard tube).Thus, the ribbon itself does not provide to the printer any informationon the qualities of the ribbon; instead, it is up to the user to selectthe proper ribbon type and operate the printer accordingly.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a method for identifying properties of aribbon by imparting specific tension features and then measuring thosefeatures to provide a code. The code provides information about theribbon, allowing the printer to automatically detect certain propertiesof the ribbon by measuring the tension along a portion of the ribbon.

In one aspect, a ribbon includes a substrate film, wherein the filmcomprises a tensionable material, and an ink disposed on the film. Alength of the ribbon includes portions that have been tensioned toprovide a code readable from the ribbon by measuring the tension overthe length of the ribbon.

In another aspect, a method for reading a code from a ribbon for aprinter includes providing a printer and providing a ribbon. The ribbonis encoded with data. The ribbon is inserted into the printer. Theribbon is run through a portion of the printer. A parameter indicativeof tension in the ribbon is measured to provide tension data. Analgorithm is performed on the tension data to read a code. At least onefeature of the printer is operated based on the code.

In another aspect, a method of imparting a tension code on a ribbonincludes providing a ribbon and a spool. The ribbon is wound onto thespool. While winding the ribbon onto the spool, a force applied to theribbon is varied to impart a tension code on the ribbon.

The foregoing paragraphs have been provided by way of generalintroduction, and are not intended to limit the scope of the followingclaims. The presently preferred embodiments, together with furtheradvantages, will be best understood by reference to the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a printer and a ribbon.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the raw tension data from an embodiment of aribbon.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the corrections applied to the ribbon of FIG.2.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing corrected tension data from an embodiment of aribbon.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the steps of one embodiment of a ribbondetection process.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the tension data of FIG. 3 before and afterfiltering.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the filtered data and the derivative of thefiltered data of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the data from FIGS. 6 and 7 in one graph.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention is described with reference to the drawings in which likeelements are referred to by like numerals. The relationship andfunctioning of the various elements of this invention are betterunderstood by the following detailed description. However, theembodiments of this invention as described below are by way of exampleonly, and the invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated inthe drawings.

The present disclosure provides a system that allows information to beencoded in a ribbon in the form of variations in the tension of a woundribbon which may then be read during printing to extract a code. Thecode enables the automatic configuration of the printing system forparameters such as ribbon width, length or color. The system isparticularly suitable for use with thermal transfer printers,particularly thermal transfer overprinters (TTO). However, the system issuitable for any type of device that uses a ribbon that is capable ofbeing tensioned, including, for example, impact printers.

The ribbon used with the system may be a conventional ribbon for a TTOprinter. The ribbon includes a substrate film and an ink disposed on thefilm. The ink may be, for example, a liquid ink or a solid ink that ismelted by the heating elements of a print head. The film includes atensionable material. By “tensionable” is meant that a change may bemade to the ribbon that can later be identified by measuring the tensionin the ribbon. In particular, portions of the ribbon are tensioneddifferently such that a code is readable from the ribbon by measuringthe tension over those portions of the ribbon. The ribbon may betensioned (i.e. modified to produce portions with different measurabletension) by any suitable method. For example, the ribbon may betensioned by pulling on discrete portions of the ribbon as it is woundonto the spool. Alternatively, the tension may be imparted by varyingthe torque or speed on the winding spool to produce the tension code.The ribbon could also be tensioned by controlling the structure of theribbon or its substrate film during the manufacture of the ribbon (suchas providing different thicknesses, densities, or other materialproperties) to provide the desired tensioned portions. The tensionedcode is preferably imparted to the ribbon during production while theribbon is wound onto a spool. The ribbon is typically between 5 and 10microns thick and from 100 to 1500 meters in length.

The code is provided in the material by providing areas or portions ofdifferent tension along a length of the ribbon. The code is preferably abinary code and is preferably at least a 4 bit code. Alternatively, thecode may be an analog code. The length of the ribbon that includesportions that have been tensioned with code may include a length ofribbon equivalent to two circumferences of a spool, which in oneembodiment may be at least 2 m.

The code is identified by measuring the tension in the ribbon as it isun-wound from the spool, typically after the ribbon is inserted into aprinter. The tension may be measured by any suitable method. The tensionmay be calculated from measures of power supplied to the two motors,measures of the spool radii, and calibration factors for the two motorsrelated to the step rate of the motors. Alternatively, the tension maybe measured directly, such as with a load cell contacting the ribbon, ora movable roller, movement of which is resisted by a progressive springand the position of which is measured by one or more position sensors.

In one embodiment, a system for measuring the tension of a ribbonincludes a ribbon, a drive mechanism for the ribbon, and a tensiondetector. An embodiment of such a system is found in U.S. Pat. No.7,150,572 (the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference)and is shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, the schematicallyillustrated printer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment has ahousing represented by broken line 1 supporting a first shaft 2 and asecond shaft 3. A displaceable print head 4 (PR Head) may be mounted onthe housing, the print head 4 being displaceable along a linear track asindicated by arrows 5. A printer ribbon 6 extends from a spool 7received on a spool support 8 which is driven by the shaft 2 aroundrollers 9 and 10 to a second spool 11 supported on a spool support 12which is driven by the shaft 3. The path followed by the ribbon 6between the rollers 9 and 10 passes in front of the print head 4. Asubstrate 13 upon which print is to be deposited follows a parallel pathto the ribbon 6 between rollers 9 and 10, the ribbon 6 being interposedbetween the print head 4 and the substrate 13.

The shaft 2 is driven by a stepper motor 14 (SM) and the shaft 3 isdriven by a stepper motor 15 (SM). A further stepper motor 16 (SM)controls the position on its linear track of the print head 4. Acontroller 17 (Contr) controls each of the three stepper motors 14, 15and 16 as described in greater detail below, the stepper motors beingcapable of driving the print ribbon 6 in both directions as indicated byarrow 18. Although FIG. 1 shows a particular embodiment of a printerthat may use the verification system described herein, it is to beunderstood that this is just an exemplary embodiment and theverification system may be used with other types of printers anddevices.

The present disclosure further provides a method of verifying a ribbonfor a printer. The encoded ribbon is inserted into the printer and runthrough a portion of the printer. For example, the ribbon may beprovided on a spool, which is disposed on a first spool support of theprinter, with an end of the ribbon being wound on another spool disposedon a second spool support of the printer. A parameter indicative of thetension in the ribbon, or the tension of the ribbon itself, is measuredto provide tension data. An algorithm is performed on the tension datato read a code. For example, the code may include information about thelength, width, thickness, color, or ink type of the ribbon. At least onefeature of the printer is operated based on the code. Thus, theoperating parameters of the printer may depend on the code. Suchoperating parameters may include the maximum print speed, the nominaltension setting, and the heating parameters for the print head.

The algorithm may include a variety of steps or data transformations toobtain the code. In particular, the data may be corrected based on theoperation of the printer. The data may also be filtered to remove noise.Mathematical operations may be performed on the data, such as taking thederivative of the data.

If a digital code is used, the code is preferably a sufficient number ofbits to ensure that the desired information is accurately and reliablyprovided to the printer. The code may range from four to ten or morebits. In one embodiment, the code is at least four bits. The code mayinclude two portions, a start sequence and a data sequence. One or morebits of the data sequence may be used to provide parity for errordetection. Although longer codes increase the amount of data which canbe encoded, they also will cause the data acquisition time of the systemto increase.

The code imparted on the ribbon provides modulation of the tension inthe wound ribbon over a length of the ribbon. The process of measuringthe tension (or a parameter indicative of tension) over a portion of theribbon may be repeated one or more times on the ribbon to provideredundancy of the data, and to allow data acquisition when a partiallyused ribbon is loaded onto a printer. The tension may be measured atleast once per revolution. However, more frequent tension measurementsare of course possible.

The tension modulation process adds the code to the ribbon tension usingpulse coded modulation. A pair of tension levels or thresholds is usedto represent each binary digit as either a ‘0’ or a ‘1’. The optimumvalues of the thresholds depend on various properties of the ribbon,including width and material of construction, and may be determinedempirically by experimentation. In one embodiment, for a 55 mm wideribbon, the nominal tension during use of the ribbon is 4 Newtons andthe actual values used are 0.8 Newton and 2.4 Newton to represent ‘0’and ‘1’ respectively. As the code is created while winding the ribbon,but read back while unwinding the ribbon, the sequence of the code ispreferably reversed when being encoded during the winding process.

In operation of one type of TTO printer (for example, the VideojetDataFlex® Plus), the printer constantly monitors the ribbon tensionbetween the two spools, and makes corrections to the movement of themotors in order to keep the tension within a range suitable forsatisfactory printing. However, the present system could be implementedin any printer which is able to measure tension (or measure a parameterindicative of tension to indirectly derive tension from otherproperties) in the installed ribbon.

If the ribbon contains a code encoded in the tension of the ribbon asdescribed above, the printer will detect these tension variations andattempt to correct for them. An embodiment of a method of analyzingtension data to provide a code will be described with respect to anexample of tension data. FIG. 2 shows an example of a set of tensionreadings taken during normal operation of a Videojet DataFlex® Plusprinter (which includes the mechanism shown in FIG. 1), using a ribbonwhich has data encoded onto it. The Y axis represents arbitrary units ofmeasured tension and the X axis represents the number of feeds. In orderto extract the encoded data, the measured tension is used along withknowledge of any corrections made by the printer to obtain the propertension, to reconstruct the true tension profile of the ribbon. Inparticular, each time a correction is made by adding or subtracting acertain amount of ribbon from the system, it is done with the aim ofcorrecting for an amount of excess under- or over-tension. The amount oftension which is being corrected for is added to a running tensionoffset. The ‘true’ tension at any point is then the sum of the currenttension value and the running tension offset. FIG. 3 shows thecorrections made by the printer in the tension readings of FIG. 2. Thetrue tension profile represents what the tension would have been if nocorrections were applied (and if the resulting tension did not cause theribbon to break or go slack). FIG. 4 shows the results of thiscorrection process applied to the data used for FIG. 2.

After recreating the true tension profile, the data is then passedthrough a number of signal processing stages, resulting in theextraction of the code. An embodiment of a full process for theextraction of the code is shown in FIG. 5. The process functions as apipeline and the enumerated steps are executed each time a new item oftension data is generated; normally this occurs at the end of each printfeed. The new item of tension data, along with the corresponding item ofcorrection data, is used to calculate the true tension.

The true tension data is then subjected to a digital low pass filter.Any suitable digital filter may be used. The filter type and propertiesmay depend on the type of printer and ribbon. A preferred filter is a31-tap FIR filter with a cut-off frequency of 1.3 cycles/meter. However,other low pass filter implementations or cut-off frequencies may used.The key point is that the filter removes noise from the signal, leavingjust a slow moving signal in its output. FIG. 6 is a graph showing thetension data of FIG. 3 before and after filtering. The noisy line is theunfiltered signal; the smooth line shows the signal after low-passfiltering.

Next, the derivative of the filtered signal of FIG. 6 is calculated bytaking the difference between each data point and the data pointimmediately preceding it. Then, positive and negative threshold levelsare applied. The use of these thresholds allows transitions to beidentified: where the absolute value of the derivative exceeds (i.e. ismore positive than) the positive threshold, a low-to-high leveltransition is occurring. Where the absolute value of the derivativeexceeds (i.e. is more negative than) the negative threshold, ahigh-to-low level transition is occurring. Where there is no transitionthe previous level is maintained. FIG. 7 illustrates the calculation oftransitions based on the thresholds.

Overall, this process transforms the items of tension data into one oftwo levels, and the data resulting from this is fed into a memorybuffer, whose size is equal to that necessary to contain data equivalentto one code.

The next step is to extract the code from the processed signal. In thepreferred method, the code is extracted by splitting the processed datainto a number of zones equal to the number of bits, wherein each zonecorresponds to a bit from the code. In each zone, the area under thecurve is measured. The maximum possible area corresponds to that of anideal ‘1’. An ideal ‘0’ has an area of zero. In each zone, thecontroller makes a decision on whether a ‘0’ or ‘1’ is present bycomparing the actual area to some ratio of the area of an ideal ‘1’,such as 50%. A value other than 50% could be used e.g. in the range of30% to 70%. If the actual area is equal to or greater than this amount,it is identified as a ‘1’. Otherwise it is identified as a ‘0’. Inaddition, a correlation error may be obtained for each bit: for a ‘1’,this is the difference between the area of an ideal ‘1’ and the actualarea. For a ‘0’, the correlation error is the actual area. Thus, a codeis extracted, along with a total correlation error (which is preferablythe sum of the correlation errors for each bit). If the totalcorrelation error is higher than a predetermined amount, the printer mayeither reject the ribbon or re-read the code and repeat the process.

A final error detection mechanism may be implemented if one of thepayload bits is used for parity checking. Even parity requires an evennumber of ‘1’s in the code. Odd parity requires an odd number of ‘1’s.The parity bit is set to ensure the criterion is met, when initiallygenerating the code prior to encoding it into the ribbon tension. Uponreading the code back, if this criterion is not met the data isidentified as corrupt and discarded.

The entire data process algorithm is shown in FIG. 8. This diagramfeatures a set of vertical lines which indicate the partitioning of thememory buffer into 7 zones, as numbered in FIG. 8. In addition, an idealwaveform for the code “1010011” has been overlaid. From this it can beseen how whereas zones 1 and 7 meet perfectly the criteria for a ‘1’,zones 3 and 6 are imperfect ‘1’s—the rising edge of the waveform beginssome way into these zones, rather than at the beginning. Timing errorssuch as these are caused by the various noises and distortions which arepresent throughout the system. Similarly, zone 5 is a perfect ‘0’ butzones 2 and 4 are imperfect ‘0’s. Overall, the correlation error shownis FIG. 8 is sufficient such that the printer will accept the codewordas valid.

It will be appreciated that the tension code will best be encoded intothe ribbon during the ribbon winding part of the ribbon manufacturingprocess. The tension code could be encoded at a constant linear ribbonspeed or a constant ribbon rotational speed or even at a variable ribbonspeed. The method described above is applicable for constant linearspeed. In the case of constant rotational speed, the encoding would bemodified to account for the varied linear speed. Where the algorithmdepends on knowledge of the length of ribbon used to encode the tensionpattern, an estimate of the length may be used rather than a precisevalue. The estimation of the length is based upon the diameter of thereel over the period in which the tension pattern is read back. Providedthe actual length is similar to that described herein, the overallaccuracy of the system should be sufficient.

Likewise it may be sufficient to implement this encoding system in onlya part of the ribbon e.g. the beginning of the ribbon. This would enableeach new ribbon to be identified only when first installed.

Although the above example shows the reading of an encoded ribbon in aprinter including two stepper motors as drive motors, the present methodcan be used with a printer with a ribbon drive including one stepper andone DC motor. In such ribbon drives, the tension in the ribbon isgenerally controlled by using the DC motor in constant current mode toset the tension. Therefore the stepper motor does not directly measuretension or make corrections to maintain the tension within limits. Insuch a printer, variations in tension in the ribbon wound on the spoolwill result in the DC motor having to rotate slightly different amounts,compared to the stepper motor, to maintain tension. In this case,instead of the code being read by directly measuring tension, the codecould be read by measuring the ratio of the length of ribbon fed by eachmotor. Changes in tension of the ribbon wound on the spool would producechanges in this ratio. To indirectly measure the tension, the length ofribbon fed by the DC motor may be detected by monitoring the commutationpulses produced by the DC motor; typically there are 12 commutationpulses per revolution. Alternatively, for more accuracy, an encodercould be attached to the DC motor shaft producing a higher number ofpulses per revolution.

The described and illustrated embodiments are to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatonly the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and thatall changes and modifications that come within the scope of theinventions as defined in the claims are desired to be protected. Itshould be understood that while the use of words such as “preferable”,“preferably”, “preferred” or “more preferred” in the description suggestthat a feature so described may be desirable, it may nevertheless not benecessary and embodiments lacking such a feature may be contemplated aswithin the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Inrelation to the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a,”“an,” “at least one,” or “at least one portion” are used to preface afeature there is no intention to limit the claim to only one suchfeature unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. Whenthe language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” is used the itemcan include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically statedto the contrary.

What is claimed is:
 1. A ribbon comprising: a substrate film, whereinthe film comprises a tensionable material; and an ink disposed on thefilm; wherein a length of the ribbon includes portions that have beentensioned to provide a code readable from the ribbon by measuring thetension of the ribbon over the length of the ribbon.
 2. The ribbon ofclaim 1 wherein the ribbon is between 5 and 10 micron thick.
 3. Theribbon of claim 1 wherein the substrate film comprises a polyester film.4. The ribbon of claim 1 wherein the ribbon is suitable for use with athermal transfer printer.
 5. The ribbon of claim 1 wherein the code isat least a 4 bit code.
 6. The ribbon of claim 1 wherein the length ofthe ribbon that includes portions that have been tensioned to provide acode is at least 5 m.
 7. A system for measuring the tension of a ribbon,comprising: the ribbon of claim 1; a drive mechanism for the ribbon; acontroller; and a tension measurement device configured to monitor aparameter indicative of tension in the portions of the ribbon that havebeen tensioned to provide a code.
 8. The system of claim 7 wherein thetension measurement device comprises a load cell.
 9. The system of claim7 wherein the tension measurement device comprises a moveable roller.10. A method for reading a code from a ribbon for a printer comprising:providing a printer, providing a ribbon, wherein the ribbon is encodedwith data; inserting the ribbon into the printer; running the ribbonthrough a portion of the printer; measuring a parameter indicative oftension in the ribbon to provide tension data; performing an algorithmon the tension data to read a code; and operating at least one featureof the printer based on the code.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein thecode is at least a 4 bit code.
 12. The method of claim 10 whereinperforming an algorithm on the tension data includes using tensioncorrection data.
 13. The method of claim 10 wherein performing analgorithm on the tension data includes filtering the tension data. 14.The method of claim 10 wherein performing an algorithm on the tensiondata includes finding a derivative of the tension data.
 15. The methodof claim 10 wherein performing an algorithm on the tension data includescalculating positive and negative thresholds.
 16. The method of claim 10wherein the code comprises a start sequence and a data sequence.
 17. Themethod of claim 10 wherein measuring the tension of the ribbon comprisesmeasuring the power supplied to a component of the printer.
 18. Themethod of claim 10 further comprising two spools, with the ribbon woundon the two spools and a span of ribbon being held in tension between thetwo spools, wherein measuring a parameter indicative of tension in theribbon to provide tension data comprises measuring a parameterindicative of tension in the span of ribbon being held in tensionbetween the two spools.
 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the parameterindicative of tension is measured at least one time per revolution ofone of the spools.
 20. A method of imparting a tension code on a ribboncomprising: providing a ribbon; providing a spool; winding the ribbononto the spool; and while winding the ribbon onto the spool, varying aforce applied to the ribbon to impart a tension code on the ribbon. 21.The method of claim 20 wherein the step of varying a force applied tothe ribbon comprises varying the pull force on the ribbon duringwinding.
 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of varying a forceapplied to the ribbon comprises varying the torque of the winding spoolduring winding.
 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the step of varying aforce applied to the ribbon comprises varying the speed of the windingspool during winding.